Title: AVSEC Module 1 Presentation

AVSEC Module 1- Presentation

OBJECTIVES

Definition of AVSEC

- What are acts of unlawful interference?
- Response to Acts of Unlawful interference.
- Mandatory Reporting

Basic concepts of AVSEC

History of International Civil Aviation

- What is ICAO
- ICAO conventions on AVSEC

Standards and Recommended practices

- Standards
- Recommended practices
- Differences between Standards and Recommended Practices

DEFINITION OF AVSEC

Safeguarding of Civil Aviation against acts of unlawful interference by employing measures, human and material resources.

What are Acts Unlawful of Interference?

- Unlawful seizure of aircrafts in flight.
- Unlawful seizure of aircraft on the ground.
- Hostage taking on board an aircraft or on aerodromes/airports.
- Forcible intrusions on board an aircraft, at an airport or on the premises of an airport facility.
- Unauthorized possession or unauthorized introduction on board an aircraft or airport of a weapon or hazardous device or material intended for criminal purposes.

What are Acts Unlawful of Interference?

- Communication of false information that can jeopardize the safety of an aircraft, passengers, crew, ground personnel or the general public, at an airport or the premises of a civil aviation facility.
- Use of an aircraft in service for the purpose of causing death, serious bodily injury, or serious damage to property or the environment.
- Destroying or damaging air navigation facilities or interfering with their operation, if any such act is likely to endanger the safety of aircraft in flight.

What are Acts Unlawful of Interference?

- Violence against a person on board an aircraft in flight if that act is likely to endanger the safety of that aircraft.
- Destroying an aircraft in service or causing damage to the aircraft which renders it incapable of flight or which is likely to endanger its safety in flight

What are Acts Unlawful of Interference?

- Unlawfully and intentionally using any device, substance or weapon-

1. To perform an act of violence against a person at an airport serving civil aviation which causes or is likely to cause serious injury or death;
2. To destroy or seriously damage the facilities of an airport serving civil aviation or an aircraft not in service located at the airport or disrupting the services of the airport, if that act endangers or is likely to endanger safety at that airport.

Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference

The Authority Shall;

•Take adequate measures to ensure the safety of passengers and crew.

•Transmit all pertinent information on the affected flight to concerned states, ATC and known or presumed airport of destination.

•Provide assistance to affected aircraft including prior notification if possible, provision of navigation aids, ATC and permissions to land.

Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference

The Authority Shall;

•To the extent practicable, detain on ground the affected aircraft unless its departure is necessitated by the overriding duty to protect lives.

•Notify the state of registry of aircraft, state of the operator and the state of every citizen affected by the act of unlawful interference.

•Notify ICAO

Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference

The airport operator shall;

- Take all measures necessary to ensure the safety of airport and persons at airport including informing relevant parties.
- Upon assessment and determination of a credible bomb threat, inform the authority of its receipt.
- Ensure arrangements are made to investigate, render safe or dispose of suspected dangerous devices or other hazardous material.
- Ensure authorized and suitably trained personnel are available for deployment at every airport to deal with suspected or actual cases of unlawful interference.

Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference

The police shall;

•Safeguard any aircraft on ground subjected to an act of unlawful interference and ensure that it is searched by the operator.

The aircraft operator shall;

•Search the aircraft for concealed weapons, explosives and other dangerous devices, articles and substances.

Mandatory Reporting

Every aircraft operator, PIC, airport operator or ANS provider shall submit to the authority;

- A preliminary report written within 15 days of the occurrence of unlawful act of interference, including sabotage, threats, hijack, incidence and disruptive passengers.
- A final written report upon completion of investigations but within 30 days of occurrence, including sabotage, threats, hijack, incidence and disruptive passengers.

BASIC CONCEPT OF AVSEC

- Detect
- Deter
- Delay
- Respond

Detect

The measures put in place to detect acts of unlawful interference include;

- CCTV cameras
- Security personnel at strategic places
- Intelligence reports
- Canine detection units

Deter

The measures put in place to deter acts of unlawful interference include;

- Perimeter fencing
- Warning signs and posters
- Security measures during entry and exits around the airport

Delay

The measures put in place to delay acts of unlawful interference include;

- Security barriers
- Distance
- Buildings and other barriers within the airport

Respond

The measures put in place to respond to acts of unlawful interference include;

- Security measures for hijacks
- Law enforcement personnel around the airport
- Canine response units

History of International Civil Aviation

ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization

- A specialized UN body dealing with matters of civil aviation.
- Was formed as a result of the Chicago convention on 7th December 1944, charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel.
- Has 191 member states

Read More about ICAO

What Are ICAO International Conventions?

These are international legal instruments by which contracting states affirm their intention to enforce the terms and provisions contained in these conventions

- There are 4 AVSEC conventions and 1 protocol.
- The 5th convention is awaiting signatures by the required number of states.

ICAO Aviation Security Conventions

Tokyo Convention

The convention on offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft, signed in Tokyo on September 14, 1963. The convention was ratified in Kenya on 22 June 1970.

- Gives powers to the aircraft commander to declare a crime or offence committed on board an aircraft.
- These powers include the powers to restrain an offender on board
- It also provides for immunity from prosecution by an offender.
- These powers are normally delegated to the rest of the crew members.

ICAO Aviation Security Conventions

Hague Convention

The convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft, signed at the Hague on December 16, 1970

This convention was ratified in Kenya on 11 January 1977

- It provides for the hijack of aircrafts

ICAO Aviation Security Conventions

Montréal Convention

The convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation, signed in Montréal on September 23, 1971.

This convention was ratified in Kenya on 11 January 1977

- Provides for Sabotage of aircrafts

ICAO Aviation Security Conventions

Montréal supplementary Protocol:

Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports serving International Civil Aviation.

This convention was ratified in Kenya in 1995

Read More

MEX Convention:

Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for the purpose of detection, signed in Montréal on march 01, 1991.

Beijing Convention (Not yet in force)

Convention on the suppression of unlawful acts relating to international civil aviation

- Use of aircraft as a weapon
- Use of biological, chemical, radioactive and nuclear weapons

Not yet in force. Ratified by only 16 out of the required 22 states.

Standards and Recommended Practices(SARPs)

Standards

Standards are the specifications in the annex, the uniform observance of which has been recognized as practicable and necessary to facilitate and improve some aspects of international air navigation. Non-compliance to a standard must be notified by a contracting state to the Council in accordance with Article 38.

Recommended Practice

Recommended Practices are those specifications in the annex, the uniform observance of which has been recognized as generally practicable and highly desirable to facilitate and improve some aspects of international air navigation.

•SARPs are found in ICAO annex 17 which is the Security Annex

Module Summary

- Define AVSEC
- Basic concepts of AVSEC
- What is ICAO
- State the ICAO conventions on AVSEC
- Differentiate between Standards and Recommended practices

Thank you