Title: Chapter 1a

The structure and function of the musculo-skeletal system

In this review you will work through the content and complete any tests/tasks on the Chapter 1a.

The Skeleton provides a framework for the muscular system to produce movement.

[Image: main image]

The function of the Skeleton

Click on each one to see more information

Support

The bones are solid and rigid. They keep us uprightand hold the rest of the body in place

Protection

Certain parts of the skeleton enclose and protect the body's organs. For example - the cranium protects the brain. The ribs protect the heart and lungs

Movement

The Synovial joinst work as levers to allow movement when the muscles contract

Structural shape and points for muscle attachment

The skeleton gives us our general shape - height and build. The bones provide anchorage points for the muscles to attach.

Mineral Storage

The bones store several minerals including calcium and phosphorus which can be released into the blood when required by the body.

Blood Cell Production

The inner marrow of long bones and ribs produce red and white blood cells.  Red to carry oxygen and White to help fight infection.

Remember the 6 functions. Make up a sentance you can remember using the 6 letters S P M S M B

S = support

P = protection

M = movement

S = structual shape

M = mineral storage

B = blood cell production.

These are the joints you need to know for the exam. They are Synovial joints - Freely moveable Joints.

For the specification you need to know the bones, type of joint and movements possible at the following locations

• Head/neck – cranium and vertebrae - Pivot Joint - Rotation

• Shoulder – scapula and humerus - Ball and socket joint - Flexion / extension / abduction / adduction / rotation

• Chest – ribs and sternum - Allow the rib cage to move up and down to allow breathing

• Elbow – humerus, radius and ulna - Hinge joint - Flexion and extension

• Hip – pelvis and femur -  Ball and socket joint -Flexion / extension / abduction / adduction / rotation -

• Knee – femur and tibia (students should also know that the patella sits in front of the knee joint) -Hinge joint - Flexion and extension

• Ankle – tibia, fibula and talus - Hinge Joint - Plantar flexion / dorsi flexion.

Fill in the missing words

Q: List the functions of the skeleton. Just use lower case letters

S = [...]

P = [...]

M = [...]

SS =[...]

MS = [...]

BCP = [...]
A: support; protection; movement; structural shape; mineral storage; blood cell production

Have a look at these past paper questions for this section. Make sure you can answer them all correctly by checking the mark scheme and also read the examiners report to see common errors

1a Anatomy & Physiology Past Paper Questions

[Image: Synovial joint image]

You need to know these two types of Joint

Hinge Joint

Ball and socket joint

These are the joints you need to know

Write the full name of the bone in the box. In some cases the first letter is there as a clue.

Q: The bones at the shoulder are the S...   [...]  and the H... [...].

The bones at the ankle are the Ti....   [...], F.....[...] and the [...]

The bones at the elbow are the H...[...] , U....[...] and the [...]
A: Scapula/scapula; Humerus/humerus; Tibia/tibia; Fibula/fibula; Talus/talus; Humerus/humerus; Ulna/ulna; Radius/radius

Fill in the missing words

Q: The bones at the knee are the F...[...] and the [...]

The bones at the hip are the P....[...] and the [...]
A: Femur/femur; Tibia/tibia; Pelvis/pelvis; Femur/femur

Q: The correct term for straightening the knee is
- Flexion
- Extension (correct)
- Abduction
- Adduction

Q: Which one of these is not a function of the skeleton
- Protection
- Blood cell production
- Movement
- Rotation (correct)

Q: The bone at the knee joint
- Tibia and fibula
- Femur and patella
- Femur and Tibia (correct)
- Femur and fibula

Q: Bringing your arm up in front of you is
- Flexion at the shoulder joint (correct)
- Extension at the shoulder joint
- Horizontal adduction at the shoulder joint
- abduction at the shoulder joint

- Scapula
- Humerus
- Pelvis
- Radius
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
Q: Scapula
A: Scapula
Q: Humerus
A: Humerus
Q: Pelvis
A: Pelvis
Q: Radius
A: Radius
Q: Femur
A: Femur
Q: Tibia
A: Tibia
Q: fibula
A: Fibula

Drag the name of the bones into the correct place