Title: Litter Picking - Part 2

Health and Safety - Part 2

Litter Picking - Part 2

Credits: by Lantra

Lantra, Lantra House, Stoneleigh Park, Coventry, CV8 2LG

02476 696996   www.lantra.co.uk

Contents

Secton 4: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Section 5: Manual Handling

Section 6: Signage

Section 7: Fire and Electricity

Section 8: Containment of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)

Section 9: Weather conditions

Section 4: Personal Protective Equipment

Section 4: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Purpose: Know the duties for employers and employees as they relate to PPE; be able to identify the right PPE for the job at hand.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

- PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health and safety risks at work.
- PPE should be the last resort wherever the risks to health and safety cannot be controlled in other ways, the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 requires PPE to be supplied.
- PPE should be issued to individual users and it is the users responsibility to ensure that it is checked prior to use and that it is 'fit for purpose' Any equipment that is damaged or in need of repair should not be used.

Credits: by Lewis Clarke; source http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/02/81/05/2810554_b02fa574.jpg

CE Marking and EN numbers

All PPE must contain a CE mark. The CE mark indicates that the item has been made and approved to European Standard (CEN) to satisfy basic requirements. The CE mark is the manufacturers claim that the product meets the essential requirements of the European Directives. The subsequent number(s) indicate the testing organisation - EN141.

The CEN replaces the national standard using the EN format to set individual standard for PPE and Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE).

When to use PPE

PPE is a last resort. When all other engineering and administrative controls have failed to reduce the risk to an acceptable level, some hazards may remain that can be minimised through PPE. These include risk of injury to:

The lungs - e.g. from breathing in contaminated air

The head and feet - e.g.from falling material

The eyes - from flying particles or spashes of corrosive liquids

The skin - e.g. from contact with corrosive materials

The body - from extremes of heat and cold

Credits: by DFID - UK Department for International Development; source https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRzeIPY_2WwjGRUCjL9kYhTHndIHlDAv9pCawDlGYT2J0CWXt19

Maintenance

Store all PPE in a dry, clean cupboard or for smaller items in a box or case. Ensure PPE is kept clean and in good repair;

- Follow the manufacturers maintenance schedule including recommeded replacement cycles.
- Simple maintenance can be carried out by a trained wearer but more detailed repair should be done by specialists.
- Replacement parts match the original.
- Identify who is responsible for maintenance and how to do it.
- Employees make proper use of PPE and report its loss, damage and destruction.
- Make sure replacement PPE is readily available.

Credits: by Andy Dingley

Duties under PPE regulations

Employer duties:

- Provide suitable PPE free to employees
- Maintain and replace PPE
- Provide storage for PPE
- Inform, instruct and train in the use of PPE
- Ensure proper use of PPE.

Employee duties:

- Use the PPE correctly
- Report any loss or defect with PPE.

Credits: by CEphoto, Uwe Aranas; source https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/High-Pressure-Cleaning-with-Personal-Protective-Equipment.jpg/1200px-High-Pressure-Cleaning-with-Personal-Protective-Equipment.jpg

Section 5: Manual handling

Section 5: Manual handling operations

Purpose: Be able to access and make lifts safely.

Credits: source https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/04/02/12/48/lifting-24401_960_720.png

Manual handling is the transporting or supporting of any load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving) by hand or bodily force.

Most manual handling injuries are caused to the back, although hands, arms and feet are also vulnerable. Many injuries build up over a period of time rather than being the cause of one single incident.

What does the law say?

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations set out a clear hierarchy of measures for dealing with risk likely to cause harm from manual handling.

These are:

- Avoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as reasonably practicable
- Assess any manual handling operations that cannot be avoided
- Reduce the risk of injury to as low as reasonably practicable.

Credits: source https://media.defense.gov/2014/Sep/19/2000939861/670/394/0/150914-F-OG799-011.JPG

Best practice in manual handling operations.

Credits: by HSE

Think before lifting / handling.

Plan the lift. Can handling aids be used? Where is the load going to be placed? Will help be needed with the load? Remove obstructions such as disguarded wrapping materials.

Adopt a stable position.

The feet should be apart with one leg slightly forward to maintain balance (alongside the load if it's on the ground) Be prepared to move your feet during the lift to maintain stability and avoid tight clothing or unsuitable footwear which may make this difficult.

Source - HSE

Best practice in manual handling operations.

Get a good hold.

Where possible, the load should be hugged as close as possible to the body. This may be better than gripping it tightly with hands only.

Keep the load close to your chest.

The load should be kept close to the body for as long as possible during lifing. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the body. If a close approach to the load is not possible, try to slide it towards the body before attempting to lift it.

Source - HSE

Best practice in manual handling operations.

Avoid twisting the back or leaning sideways, especially when your back is bent.

Shoulders should be kept level and facing the same direction as the hips. Turning by moving the feet is better than twisting and lifting at the same time.

Keep your head up when handling.

Look ahead, not down at the load, once it has been held securely.

Move smoothly.

The load should not be jerked or snatched as this can make it harder to keep control and  can increase the risk of injury.

Source - HSE

Best practice in manual handling operations.

Don't lift or handle more than can be easily managed.

There is a difference between what people can lift and what they can safely lift. If in doubt seek advice or get help.

Put down, then adjust

If precise positioning of the load is necessary, put it down first, then slide it into the desired position.

Source - HSE

Credits: by Pixabay; source https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRg2yBCgqZd2evUh5uTFOCfuhmhDPd1NQ41J1FES24St72cCihQzQ

Alternative options

Not every load can be moved manually. Condider using other mechanical handling equipment (MHE) to assist in the process. For example sack trolley, pallet or fork lift truck.

Credits: by Pixabay

Credits: by Isisbridge; source https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Royal_Mail_delivery_trolley.jpg

Credits: by Sterkebak

Section 6: Signage

Purpose: Recognise the meaning of key health and safety signage in the workplace and respond accordingly

Prohibition sign: a sign prohibiting behaviour likely to cause danger (round, black pictogram, white background, red edging with diagonal line).

Warning sign: a sign giving warning of a hazard or danger (triangular, black pictogram, yellow background).

Mandatory (must do) sign: a sign prescribing a specific behaviour (round, white pictogram, blue background).

Fire safety signs (safe condition): a sign giving information on emergency exits, first aid or eye wash facilities.

Markings for dangerous locations: indicating uneven floor or head obstruction etc

Firefighting equipment: indicating type of extinguisher and the class of fire

Section 7: Fire and Electricity

Purpose: Know the principles of fire prevention and fire fighting in the workplace; know the principal dangers when working around electricity.

Fire prevention

Fire is a chemical reaction requiring fuel, oxygen and heat.

Fuel: anything that will burn, for example wood, green waste, flammable liquid, gas and chemicals.

Oxygen (or air) allows a fire to burn.

Heat: a minimum temperature is needed but a naked flame, match or spark is sufficient to start a fire, especially if in contact with something flammable.

Fires can be prevented by eliminating one or more of the factors. Heat (ignition) and fuel can be controlled, but it is almost impossible to eliminate oxygen from the workplace - fire traingle.

Fire triangle

Types of fire extinguisher

It is vital that only the correct type of fire extinguisher is used when attempting to control fire.

Water - For use on wood, paper, textiles

Foam - Wood,paper, textiles, flammable liquids (do not use on electrical equipment)

Dry Powder - Wood, paper, textiles, flammable liquidous fires, live electrical equipment

CO2 - Flammable liquids, live electrical equipment (do not use in a confined space)

Wet chemical - Wood, paper, textiles, cooking oil fires

Electricity can kill (mains voltage 230 Volt AC) and most fatalities arise from contact with overhead or underground power cables. Non-fatal shocks can also cause severe and permanent injuries.

Always consider alternatives to 230 Volt AC such as battery-operated equipment and 110 Volt alternatives.

Credits: source http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/pictures/20000/nahled/cordless-drill.jpg

Always check and inspect electrical equipment before and after use.

Report any concerns even if you are unsure.

Do not pass potential risks over to the next operator.

Remember a standard fuse protects the equipment, NOT the operator!

Even the absence of electricity can be a hazard where protective measures and systems depend on it!

Section 8: Control of Substance Hazardous to Health

Section 8: Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)

Purpose: to understand the risks of hazardous substances and how to contain them.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH)

What are hazardous substances?

A hazardous substance is any substance carrying a hazard symbol or where the product label indicates.

Any substance assigned a Workplace Exposure Limit (WEL).

Credits: by E.mil.mil; source https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Dust_dancing_in_the_sunlight_Me_074c.jpg

Micro-organisms which create a hazard to health (e.g. fungal spores and diseases).

Dust of any kind (sweeping floors, harvest time dusts, powder etc) N.B. In some circumstances dust can be explosive.

Any other substance which has a comparable hazard to health (gases, fumes etc).

All of the above substances require a COSHH assessment.

Credits: by Macluskie

COSHH

It is the responsibility of the employer to ensure a COSHH appraisal of a product has been completed and carried out and that all the necessary control options are available and the product is suitable for use.

The person applying the hazardous substance has to complete a COSHH assessment to ensure control measures are suitable, task / site specific and are used to prevent exposure to hazardous substances.

Credits: by Secretlondon

Control Measures

An employer and those who apply products must ensure that exposure to hazardous substances is prevented or adequately controlled where possible. Alternative methods of control should be used before relying on protective clothing.

Section 9: Weather Conditions

Purpose: To understand the risks of working in hot and cold conditions and how to manage them

Slips and trips increase in the Autumn and Winter.

Things to consider;

- Lighting / amount of daylight
- Wet and decaying leaves
- Rain water
- Ice, frost and snow

Credits: by Chris Morgan; source http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/05/26/41/5264112_07406eb7.jpg

Lighting

Is there enough light for you to see any potential hazards in your work area?

Do you need any additional light source for you to complete your job?

Are you wearing the correct PPE to ensure others can see you?

Credits: by Pixabay; source https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/09/30/16/39/silhouette-1705707_960_720.jpg

Credits: by Mark Hillary; source https://c1.staticflickr.com/4/3221/2937015895_973142d3b9_b.jpg

Wet and decaying leaves

Fallen leaves can be a risk for slips and falls. They might also be hiding other risks from the surface you are working on that is hidden by the leaves.

Rainwater

May make the surface slippy especially on grass areas

Ensure you are wearing suitable clothing that does not leak rainwater to your inner clothing

Wear suitable footwear for the conditions

Credits: by Pixabay; source https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/05/08/12/45/rain-758107_960_720.jpg

Ice and snow

Slippery conditions, cold working temperatures, hidden items under snow all need to be considered

Wear suitable clothing for working in cold temperatures

Credits: by Andy F; source https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Ice_and_snow_on_the_Grand_Union_Canal_below_Welsh_Road_lock_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654299.jpg

Hot weather and strong sun

- Wear loose fitting clothing
- Wear a suitable sun hat
- Ensure you have a bottle of water and drink to avoid getting dehydrated
- When you take a break try to find a shaded area

Credits: by Anuragrana18

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